To my knowledge, column width in Word does NOT change to fit screen resolution, in anything other than web view (if then).

It can change to fit page size.


Tables

You can set a column width in the Table Layout Tab when you are in a column.

Yes, I've a table in the document. I'm referring to the columns of the table (if you look at the pics I've put the dimensions, too).

If i leave the default setup for the table when i change PC (with different screen resolution, for example less than mine) dimensions change. For example from 22 cm the first column go to 18 cm.
After many tests I've understand that it's possible to lock the dimension in table configuration, but the problem persist for the other documents that was created during the last year.
I've over seven thousands documents with this problem and ask for a simple way to change without formatting one by one.