Are both machines set to the same default printer (via Windows > Settings), and if so, do both machines have the same version of the default printer driver?



Word uses the default printer to determine how to lay out the text of a document - the driver describes the area of a page, in which Word adds content. When two computers have different default printers, you can end up with small variances in layout and in print output. (For example, when inspecting your test PDFs in Acrobat Pro, I can see that the desktop version has line spacing of 1.59, while the desktop version has 1.38.)

Note that even if you use the same printer to create a printed or PDF'd document -- in your case, Microsoft's PDF distiller -- the default printer setting is still affecting how Word lays out the document.

In the past, I have seen issues with two users with the same version of Word viewing/printing the same file and getting different page counts due to spacing driven by default drivers, as well as small font-size variations (0.2 pt) when PDFing the same file (with the same PDF program). (The font size in both of your PDFs is the same.)