Between Word 2010 and 2013, Microsoft changed the "text layout engine" in Word. One of the things that changed was the behavior of tab settings outside the margin. You are not going to get to use the layout from Word 2010 without staying in compatibility mode.

Word 2016 (and 2013) will respect tab settings beyond the right indent, but not beyond the right margin. Margins and Indents in Word
These need to be set in the tabs dialog, not on the ruler.
See all responses to this thread for further information.

The best suggestion is to use a borderless table for layout like this. Tables

BTW, you should change your profile to reflect your use of Word 2016.