You always can hide Table columns with formulas, which aren't needed to understand the info in Tables. But I advice:
1. You use defined Tables (Insert>Table);
2. You have all info calculated for Table row in same Table.

This is essential, as;:
1 In defined Tables, when whole Table column contains same formula, then this formula is expanded automatically whenever you add new rows into Table. And formatting works in same way;
Whenever you enter any data immediately below last row of defined Table, the Table expands automatically.
This ensures, that calculated columns have always formulas for every row - so you can hide them, and unless you mess up with formulas somehow, they will always work.
Having any info linked to row of Table stored elsewhere (on same sheet, or on another sheet), you always have to link those tables somehow through some common ID. You can never be sure, that this info simply remains in matching row in future.

Can you work with Excel, or do you need some database app instead, depends on amount of data you'll have, and on complexity of it. When you have a lot of info, excel may be too slow - especially when there are many formulas involved. Usually such Excel apps are for data over certain period - e.g. for year.