The MATCH function works regardless of whether the list is sorted. The match type = 0 prevents false matches. And, if you want the rank that corresponds with a given category, simply use:
=OFFSET($A$2,MATCH(S11,$A$2:$A$7,0)-1,1)
You can use the same logic to find which category corresponds with a given rank. For example, with a given rank in S12:
=OFFSET($A$2,MATCH(S12,$B$2:$B$7,0)-1,0)
Of course, where you have multiple values with the same rank, this only reports the first one. The formulae for finding the second & subsequent instances of the same rank are rather more complicated.

__________________
Cheers,
Paul Edstein
[Fmr MS MVP - Word]