Thank you.

On the first one, that's what I had thought and tried. I must have just had a typo'.

On the second one, why is the second line commented out? It looks like in this case that it should be uncommented and I need the select statement. Is that correct?

On the last one, thank you. I'd never have figured that out, but now seeing it I do believe it will help me figure out some others and trim down the code.

Thanks again,
Andrew