You're welcome.
To your questions:
What are the tables in MS projects that reflect the Original Duration, Remaining Duration, Budgeted Labor Units and Remaining Labor Units and how can I create that view in MS?

There is not a table in Project that captures all of that data. However, you can create your own custom table to reflect some (sadly not all) of the information you are looking for.
Original Duration = Baseline Duration
Remaining Duration = Remaining Duration
Budgeted Labor Units - sorry no corresponding field there is Baseline Work
Remaining Labor Units - Remaining Work

For step by step on creating the new table and view:
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/lib...(v=vs.90).aspx

Also what is a quick way to assign all resources 80 % and which task type is needed to keep the duration hours the same when assigning less time to the resource?

If you create the resources with max units of 80%, that is what Project will assign by default. You can also select multiple tasks and assign multiple resources using the Assign Resources Dialog. If you want to make sure duration does not change if you change assignment units - first set the task as Fixed Duration.

In order to track actuals against cost, what is the best way to setup the resource allocation?

Create the resources with the appropriate standard cost. Project will calculate cost - save a baseline and track.