Hoo boy...this one's a toughie.
First off, thanks for teaching me a new function. RANDBETWEEN! Wow. For years I've been cobbling together an equivalent with RAND.
So anyhoo, see the attached. The chart plots the number and puts the % above for each category for a single week. I'm not sure if that's what you wanted but it may be a start. Or it could be a dead end. You'll have to decide after reading the rest of this. :-)
I created the data labels with XY Chart Labeler, a free add on that you can download
here.
Here's the hitch, to change to a different week, the chart data ranges and label ranges need to be updated manually. On the plus side, it wouldn't take too terribly long to do, perhaps 10 minutes each time at the most. But if you're anything like me, even that routine will become burdensome.
There may be a way to rig it up with code, but that is beyond my pay grade here. Or there may be a better way to do it altogether. The nice thing about Excel is there are always several ways to skin any particular cat. Perhaps we can get some of the VB proficient folks here to take a look. I will send out some feelers.