I know of no method. I am unsure why you want to do this. I have never seen such a table of contents. It would be rare for a document to have each logical section be one page only as shown in your example.

Consider instead using numbered headings. This would do much of what you want. You could have it be without page numbers.

Why use Microsoft Word’s built-in heading styles? by Shauna Kelly
How to create numbered headings or outline numbering in Ribbon Versions of Word by Shauna Kelly
How to create a table of contents in Microsoft Word by Shauna Kelly
Guide to TOC field