This INDEX function will return any value from a range where the row and column within the range is identified.

The first portion:

refers to the source range. As per your description, it is one row deep and ten columns wide. Note that the dollar signs (absolute reference) must remain in place to prevent the formula from losing it's focus while you auto-fill.

The second portion:

identifies which row of the source range to return.

The third/final portion:

does all the work here. It identifies which column of the source range to return. You indicated the destination cell would begin in cell E9, so the ROW() will read that the formula is on the ninth row then subtract 8 from it. As you auto-fill this formula down from the ninth row on the destination sheet, the ROW()-8 will increment 1,2,3,... and provide the formula with a column number. Remember, you're trying to transpose the rows & columns, that's why a row is acting as a column reference.

Hope this helps,

Cheers,