In older versions of Microsoft Excel there was a "versions" feature available which would have done exactly as you are requesting however this function was removed from the newer versions from Excel 2007 onwards.

You would either need to utilise an external program such as Sharepoint which has a document library which helps with version control or I have seen quite a few add-in programs online that are meant to provide this functionality.

Alternatively you may be able to use Track Changes to be able to accommodate your needs but it may not give the exact result you are after and would possibly mean a little bit of messing around to use this feature outside what it is intended for.