Yes but you need to do it with VBA. Basically each of those colors has a color index # that you can sort by. You could use this code.
Code:
Sub FillColorIndex()
'Takes the index of a color and places it in the cell next to the data
Dim ColorRow As Integer, TotalRows As Integer
TotalRows = WorksheetFunction.CountA(Range("b:b").Rows)
For ColorRow = 2 To TotalRows
Range("d" & ColorRow).Value = Range("b" & ColorRow).Interior.ColorIndex
Next ColorRow
MsgBox "All Rows Complete"
End Sub
That will give you a number for each of the colors. Now I am guessing that you want each of those colors to grouped ie. Reds with reds, blues with blues etc. The colorindex will not quite do that but you can sort the numbers and change them as you wish to sort them after.