micko1, I hope you can see by using subroutines you get some advantages.

1. if you get the subroutine working propery ONCE, then it will wok for all instances;

2. having code chunked out (a subroutine that ONLY does the update of the bookmark) makes it easier to debug and test, as it has its tidy operations not mixed up with other processes;

3. it makes the code easier to write and easier to read