You could insert a text box in the header or footer range. This could go in the left margin to achieve the same effect as shown in your illustration. A header doesn't have to be at the top of the page. Anything entered in the header/footer would repeat on all the pages the header/footer applied to.
Alternatively you might be able to use mapped content controls which repeat the changes made in one in the others. - to this end, you may find
Insert Content Control Add-In useful.