I do not know what Outlook will do if you give it a duplicate of an existing data file in place of the missing D:\outlook.pst.

All I can suggest is that you - 1) Make a copy of your existing Profile and 2) A backup of both of the "good" data files. Then try your idea with the Profile copy to see what happens. If it goes south, put back the backup copies of the "good" data files and revert to your existing Profile.

I still think that the safest way to solve this problem is to:

Export your existing Calendar and Contacts.
Create a new Profile from scratch (let Outlook create a new data file for the GMail account cache)
Add the "p:\outlook.pst" data file to the Profile.
If needed - Import your Calendar and Contacts.