I'm trying to read in to what you're describing.

How was the table created? Did you copy the data from another source and paste it in, or was it created from a blank table?

Did you try opening the document from within Word by browsing to its location, and instead of clicking the Open button, click the dropdown next to it and try Open and Repair?

As for restoring from previous versions, as I understand it, that feature is only available if your document was saved in SharePoint or OneDrive. Unless you happened to Save As another name in the past.

Is the address table something you might have shared with anyone else in your organization recently? If you Emailed it or copied it to another file, that might serve as a backup, at least to that point.

From within the document:

Check your Layout Settings. Is it possible you went from 14 pages of one size (like US Letter) to a larger size (like 11 x 17") somehow?

Check your View settings. Is your View on Print Layout (View ribbon, left side)? I'm wondering whether you activated an alternative View like an Outline that is not showing you everything. Or whether your table spills off the printed page.

Check your Paragraph settings (Home Ribbon). Is it possible that you have some unwanted spacing and indents, or on the Line And Page Breaks tab, have activated "Keep with next" or "Page Break Before"?

Check your Table Layout settings. Is it possible you have cells that became too small to display the contents? Try Autofit/AutoFit Contents.

Also, I would try selecting the entire table, copy and paste into a new document. Does your missing stuff show up? How about copy/paste as plain text into another new document?

Is it possible someone else had access to your table recently and messed with it?

Try running Repair on your Office suite under Programs if you suspect something is wrong with the program itself.