Interesting. And apologies, I did show the Word, and not Excel, above, whoopsie.
I was on Excel 2010 for a long time before 2016 and now 365. I thought the superscript and subscript were there, but I didn't use them as often as at my present job. This article suggests that these features and the ability to add to the QAT requires the 365 subscription.
How to superscript and subscript in Excel (text and numbers) There's also info there on how to add VBA to add superscript numbers. You could then add macro buttons to your QAT.