This is the basic code I would start with to match with your sample doc. You can adjust the colours and add a font handler if you need it but the automatic font colour you already have might be adequate for that.
Code:
Sub TrafficLights()
Dim aTbl As Table, aCell As Cell, sEff As String, sC2 As String
For Each aTbl In ActiveDocument.Tables
sEff = Trim(Split(aTbl.Cell(1, 1).Range.Text, vbCr)(0))
If sEff = "Effectiveness" Then
Set aCell = aTbl.Cell(1, 1).Next
sC2 = aCell.Range.Text
sC2 = Trim(Split(sC2, vbCr)(0))
Select Case sC2
Case "Weak"
aCell.Shading.ForegroundPatternColor = wdColorLightOrange
Case "Effective"
aCell.Shading.ForegroundPatternColor = wdColorBlue
Case "Adequate"
aCell.Shading.ForegroundPatternColor = wdColorGreen
Case "Not Applicable"
aCell.Shading.ForegroundPatternColor = wdColorIndigo
Case Else
aCell.Shading.ForegroundPatternColor = wdColorWhite
End Select
End If
Next aTbl
End Sub