The problem is that your document contains tables other than the ones with checkboxes. The code fails because the expected checkbox isn't found in those tables. Try:
Code:
Sub DeleteCheckedContent()
Application.ScreenUpdating = False
Dim Tbl As Table, r As Long
For Each Tbl In ActiveDocument.Tables
With Tbl
If .Cell(1, 1).Range.ContentControls.Count = 1 Then
If .Cell(1, 1).Range.ContentControls(1).Checked = True Then
For r = .Rows.Count To 3 Step -1
.Rows(r).Delete
Next
.Cell(2, 2).Range.Text = "Not applicable"
Else
For r = .Rows.Count To 2 Step -1
If .Cell(r, 1).Range.ContentControls(1).Checked = True Then .Rows(r).Delete
Next
End If
.Columns(1).Delete
End If
End With
Next
Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub