I know nothing of Word VBA but I tried this and it seems to go in the right direction:
Code:
Sub nachwordkopieren()
Dim Probenliste As Object
Dim appWord As Object
Set appWord = CreateObject("Word.Application")
Set Probenliste = appWord.Documents.Add("filepath")
appWord.Visible = True
Probenliste.Activate
Range("Probenname1").Copy
Probenliste.Bookmarks("Probenname1").Range.Paste
Range("Verbindung1").Copy
Probenliste.Bookmarks("Verbindung1").Range.Paste
Set Probenliste = Nothing
Set appWord = Nothing
End Sub