This macro will add a date before every inline picture in the active document. Its up to you to put all the images you need in the document before running the macro.
Code:
Sub HotDates()
Dim aDte As Date, aPict As InlineShape, aFld As Field
aDte = #1/1/2017#
CaptionLabels("Figure").NumberStyle = wdCaptionNumberStyleArabic
For Each aPict In ActiveDocument.InlineShapes
aPict.Range.InsertCaption Label:="Figure", Title:=pfun_OrdinalDate(aDte), ExcludeLabel:=True, Position:=wdCaptionPositionAbove
aDte = aDte + 1
Next aPict
For Each aFld In ActiveDocument.Fields
If aFld.Type = wdFieldSequence Then aFld.Delete
Next aFld
End Sub
Public Function pfun_OrdinalDate(dte_toformat As Date) As String
'adapted from http://www.tek-tips.com/faqs.cfm?fid=6742
Dim sOrd As String
Select Case Day(dte_toformat)
Case 1, 21, 31
sOrd = "st "
Case 2, 22
sOrd = "nd "
Case 3, 23
sOrd = "rd "
Case Else
sOrd = "th "
End Select
pfun_OrdinalDate = Format(dte_toformat, "dddd, MMM d") & sOrd & Format(dte_toformat, "yyyy")
End Function