The short answer is yes it can be done, but easily?
You would need a function to access the database table and grab the ID associated with the user's name. That is fairly straightforward, provided the username field contains unique information (or you can derive unique information from interrogating more than one field) and you know the column(s) that contain(s) the unique data and the column number of the field containing the License key.
What is more difficult, unless you provide a standard format for the co-worker to send you the identity of the user, is reading the message to grab the user information so that it can be used to interrogate the database.
Sending the reply part is easy and can be done from a rule, provided the Outlook macro has access to all the data it requires.
Although intended for a different purpose, my website link
http://www.gmayor.com/extract_data_from_email.htm shows how to read an e-mail message. What you need to do is ensure that message is readable, then the rest will fall into place.