Yes.
It is called the StyleRef Field.
Create a character style for each field you want to show up in other spots and use the StyleRef fields in the Header.

A good alternative would be Document Property Content Controls as set forth by Greg Maxey in this article: Repeating Data (Populating Multiple Like Fields)

Note, the original information need not be in the first-page header, and should probably be in the body of the document. Accessing a header is one more step that can cause problems for novice users. The StyleRef field would require that they be in the body.

Header/Footer Settings Recap